Paper of Morphology
“TYPES OF
MORPHEME”
PREFACE
Alhamdulillahirobbil alamin,
All praises to Allah SWT. Because he still give me his
bless and mercy to accomplish this thesis. Peace be on our prophet Muhammad
SAW. Who bought us from the darkness to the lightness. This thesis will explain
about inflectional and derivational morphemes that I hope can help readers to
understand what are inflectional and derivational morphemes.
I come conscious that there are some mistakes and
lacks, so I hope critic and suggestion from readers to improve the next thesis.
Thank you for reading this thesis and I hope this
thesis is useful.
Bengkulu, September 2012
Compiler
INFLECTIONAL
AND DERIVATIONAL MORPHEMES
Affix
morpheme can be derived into two major functional categories, namely
derivational morpheme and inflectional morpheme. This reflect a recognition of
two principal building proccesses inflection and derivation. Inflectional and
derivational morpheme in different ways. Derivational morpheme for new word
either :
·
By changing the
meaning of the base to which they are attached. E.g. : kind vs unkind
·
By changing the
word class that a base belongs to e.g. : the addition of –ly to adjective kind
produces the adverb kindly
Example :
I ducked
Two ducks
He is humorless
He ducks
He was sheepish
Three ducklings
You are duckling the issue
|
Suffix
|
Input
|
Output
|
Remarks
|
|
-
Ed
|
V
|
v
|
Inflectional : it marks past tense in duck- Ed
|
|
-
s
|
N
|
N
|
Inflectional : it marks plural number
|
|
-
s
|
V
|
V
|
Inflectional : a portmanteau morph marking 3rd person
|
|
-
ing
|
V
|
V
|
Inflectional : it marks progressive aspect
|
|
-
Ling
|
N
|
N
|
Derivational : it changes meaning to small duck
|
|
-
ish
|
N
|
Adj
|
Derivational : it changes word class
|
|
-
less
|
N
|
Adj
|
Derivational : it turn a noun into an adjective and add meaning
|
Sometimes the presence of a
derivational affix causes a major grammatical change, in other cases the change
caused by derivational suffix may be minor. Beside can change meaning and
change word class. Derivational suffix is used to change a concrete noun base
into an abstract noun, e.g. –ship, friend- friendship.
Unlike derivational
morphemes, inflectional morphemes do not changes refrential or cognitive meaning. The addition
of an inflectional affix will not do such a thing , an inflectional morpheme
does not alter the word class of the base to which it is attached. Inflectional
morpheme are only able to modify the form of a word so that it can fit into a
particular syntactic slot, example :
|
Suffix
|
Stem
|
Function
|
Example
|
|
-s
|
N
|
Plural
|
Books
|
|
-ed
|
V
|
Past tense
|
Walked
|
|
-ing
|
V
|
Progressive
|
Walking
|
|
-er
|
Adj
|
Comparative degree
|
Taller
|
|
-est
|
Adj
|
Superlative degree
|
Tallest
|
3.3 Multiple
Affixation
Complex words are formed by
creating bases which contain several derivational morphemes, for example ‘root’
-dict ’ meaning’ speak’ say’ which is found in diction, dictate, dictatorial,
contradict, benediction, starting with – dict ,form complex words such as
contradictory and can take a place in a number of rounds with the output
created by one round of affixation serving.
0 komentar:
Post a Comment